Necrotizing Leukoencephalomyelitis (NLE)
Necrotizing leukoencephalomyelitis (NLE) is a non-infectious inflammatory condition under the spectrum of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. In NLE, the lymphoplasmacytic inflammation is primarily distributed throughout the deep cerebral white matter and diencephalon. The inflammation can be distributed bilaterally, but is often worse in one hemisphere.
Age of Onset: 1-5 years of age most commonly (some reports cite disease onset >5 years of age)
Sex Predisposition: Any sex of animal can be affected
Clinical Course:
Clinical signs often present acutely and progress over the course of several months
Clinical signs often present acutely and progress over the course of several months
Clinical Signs:
Behavioral/Mental Awareness
**Generalized seizures
Behavioral changes
Compulsive pacing
Head pressing
Depression
Posture and Appearance
Opisthotonous
Movement
Head turning and circling
**Ataxia/Abnormal gait
Tetraparesis
Proprioception
Proprioceptive deficit (contralateral)
Cranial Nerves
Facial hypalgesia (contralateral)
Menace deficit (contralateral)
Central vestibular signs (**head tilt, nystagmus, vestibular strabismus)
Anisocoria
Reduced olfaction
Behavioral/Mental Awareness
**Generalized seizures
Behavioral changes
Compulsive pacing
Head pressing
Depression
Posture and Appearance
Opisthotonous
Movement
Head turning and circling
**Ataxia/Abnormal gait
Tetraparesis
Proprioception
Proprioceptive deficit (contralateral)
Cranial Nerves
Facial hypalgesia (contralateral)
Menace deficit (contralateral)
Central vestibular signs (**head tilt, nystagmus, vestibular strabismus)
Anisocoria
Reduced olfaction
Intracranial - Prosencephalon (deep white matter and diencephalon)
Unknown
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