Necrotizing Leukoencephalomyelitis (NLE)
Necrotizing leukoencephalomyelitis (NLE) is a non-infectious inflammatory condition under the spectrum of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. In NLE, the lymphoplasmacytic inflammation is primarily distributed throughout the deep cerebral white matter and diencephalon. The inflammation can be distributed bilaterally, but is often worse in one hemisphere.
Age of Onset: Typically occurs in animals less than 5 years of age
Sex Predisposition: Any sex of animal can be affected
Clinical Course:
Clinical signs often present acutely and progress over time
Clinical signs often present acutely and progress over time
Clinical Signs:
Behavioral/Mental Awareness
Abnormal vocalization
Aggression
Altered mentation
Excitation/Restlessness
Seizures
Sleepiness
Posture and Appearance
Head tilt
Movement
Ataxia
Circling
Paresis
Tremors
Proprioception
Proprioceptive deficits
Cranial Nerves
Blindness
Variable cranial nerve deficits
Reduced/absent menace response
Spinal Reflexes:
Can be normal or increased/decreased depending on the location of the lesion and the degree of spinal cord involvement
Painful Reactions
Pain on palpation of the cervical vertebral column
May have pain on palpation of the vertebral column over the affected area
Behavioral/Mental Awareness
Abnormal vocalization
Aggression
Altered mentation
Excitation/Restlessness
Seizures
Sleepiness
Posture and Appearance
Head tilt
Movement
Ataxia
Circling
Paresis
Tremors
Proprioception
Proprioceptive deficits
Cranial Nerves
Blindness
Variable cranial nerve deficits
Reduced/absent menace response
Spinal Reflexes:
Can be normal or increased/decreased depending on the location of the lesion and the degree of spinal cord involvement
Painful Reactions
Pain on palpation of the cervical vertebral column
May have pain on palpation of the vertebral column over the affected area
Intracranial - Prosencephalon (deep white matter and diencephalon)
Unknown
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