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Hepatic Encephalopathy​
  • Description
  • Signalment
  • Clinical Features
  • Neurolocalization
  • Genetics
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​Abnormal liver function or shunting causes neurotoxins (GABA, aromatic amino acids, mercaptans, ammonia, skatoles) to reach the brain through general circulation causing brain dysfunction.
Age of Onset: Less than 2 years of age
Sex Predisposition: Any sex of animal can be affected
Clinical Course: Clinical signs progress over time.
In a subset of dogs, clinical signs may be episodic with increased severity during the post-prandial period
Clinical Signs:
Behavioral/Mental Awareness
*Mentation changes
Seizures
*Lethargy/Depression
Compulsive pacing/circling
Head pressing

Movement
Ataxia
Slight hypermetria
Slight hypertonia

Proprioception
Proprioceptive deficits

Cranial Nerves
*Episodic central blindness
Nystagmus

Special Functions (e.g. respiration; urination)
Gastrointestinal (anorexia, diarrhea, melena, vomiting, ptyalism)
Urinary (Hematuria, *polyuria/polydypsia, stranguria)
​Intracranial- metabolic
Unknown
To read more about this disease click below:
References
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